Challenges in utilization and management of water resources of the Camenca river basin in the context of intensified human impact
Keywords:
Camenca river basin, water use, water managementAbstract
Abstract. This article is dedicated to the evaluation of water use and management of 12 river water bodies delineated in the Camenca river basin – the biggest tributary of the Prut River in the limits of the Republic of Moldova. The study is based on the approaches and methodology proposed by the EU Water Framework Directive and its methodological guidelines as well as on the national normative documents. The present research was conducted as part of the Camenca river basin management plan and constitutes the basis for the development of the Programme of Measures meant to accomplish the environmental objectives established for water bodies. Considering water use problems in the limits of the pilot basin, in the present research several challenges were identified: intensification of climate change and reduction of water supply; reduced accessibility of the population to aqueducts and the lack of public sewerage systems; significant impact of diffuse pollution on agriculture; a large number of reservoirs in improper conditions. With regards to water resources management, the following issues were revealed: incomplete inventory of water resources and frequent cases of unauthorised water use; low prices for water supply and sewerage services as well as for water use and water pollution, which do not cover water use costs and investments in water resources and aquatic ecosystems protection; insufficient and fragmented subventions in water sector; issues regarding legal framework and adequate exploitation regime of reservoirs, etc.
Résumé. Cet article est consacré à l'évaluation de l'utilisation et de la gestion des ressources en eau de 12 plans d'eau délimitées dans le bassin de la rivière Camenca − le plus grand affluent de la rivière Prut sur le territoire de la République de Moldova. L'étude est basée sur les approches et la méthodologie proposées dans la Directive-Cadre sur l'Eau de l’UE et ses guides méthodologiques, ainsi que sur les documents normatifs nationales. Ce travail a été réalisé pour l'élaboration du Plan de Gestion du bassin de la rivière Camenca et constitue la base de l'élaboration du Programme de Mesures visant à atteindre les objectifs environnementaux des plans d'eau. Du côté de l’utilisation des ressources en eau dans la zone d'étude, la présente étude identifie quelques problèmes principaux: l'intensification du changement climatique et la réduction de l'approvisionnement en eau ; accès réduit de la population aux aqueducs et manque massif de systèmes publics d’assainissement; l'impact significatif de la pollution diffuse dans l'agriculture ; le grand nombre de lacs d’accumulation et leur état inapproprié. En ce qui concerne la gestion des ressources notre analyse a conduit à l’identification d’autres difficultés: l’enregistrement incomplet des ressources en eau et cas fréquents d'utilisation non autorisée de l'eau ; le faible niveau des tarifs pour l'approvisionnement en eau et l'assainissement et des taxes pour l'utilisation et la pollution de l'eau, qui n'assurent pas la récupération des coûts d'utilisation de l'eau et le financement des investissements pour la protection des sources d'eau et des écosystèmes aquatiques ; le subventionnement insuffisant et fragmenté du secteur; les litiges concernant le droit et le régime d'exploitation des lacs d’accumulation, etc.
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