Epargner la nature pour le bien-être et la santé des citadins. Les enseignements de la pandémie de la Covid-19
Keywords:
Nature en ville, santé, bien-être, ville, citadins, covid-19, SARS-Cov-2, FranceAbstract
[FR] La pandémie de la covid-19 a été le diffuseur tous azimuts d’une réflexion tant autour de la crise écologique et climatique que des effets environnementaux des activités anthropiques. A partir d’une revue de la littérature, ce papier souligne l’impact négatif de l’urbanisation sur l’environnement. Il insiste sur les risques encourus par l’homme en raison de la destruction et de la modification des habitats des non humains notamment en termes de santé. A partir d’une enquête menée au cours du grand confinement auprès d’un échantillon représentatif de la population française, les effets négatifs des mesures de distanciation sociale sur le bien-être et la santé des Français : chute du niveau de satisfaction de vie, détérioration de l’état de santé mentale, fatigue physique accrue et apparition de détresse psychologique, sont présentés. Ensuite, est mis en évidence le fait que le confinement a permis aux citadins français d’une certaine manière, de prendre conscience qu’ils vivaient dans un environnement peu propice à leur bien-être. Enfin, est dévoilé que le grand confinement a joué pour les Français le rôle de révélateur des bienfaits de la nature en ville. En conclusion, est rappelé que la meilleure manière de préserver la santé des humains est de protéger les écosystèmes et la biodiversité.
[EN] The covid-19 pandemic has been the catalyst for a reflection on the ecological and climatic crisis as well as on the environmental effects of human activities. Based on a review of the literature, this paper highlights the negative impact of urbanization on the environment. It insists on the risks incurred by humans due to the destruction and modification of non-human habitats, particularly in terms of health. From a survey conducted during the great lock-down with a representative sample of the French population, the negative effects of the social distancing measures on the well-being and health of the French people: fall of the level of satisfaction of life, deterioration of the state of mental health, increased physical fatigue and appearance of psychological distress, are presented. Then, the fact that the lock-down allowed French urban dwellers to become aware that they were living in an environment that was not conducive to their well-being is highlighted. Finally, it is revealed that the great lock-down has played for the French the role of revealing the benefits of nature in the city. In conclusion, is underlined that the best way to preserve human health is to protect ecosystems and biodiversity.
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