Ecological Tourism Development in the Mountainous Regions and Historical Railway Network Capacities. Case Study: Tehran-Mazandaran Old Railway by Crossing the Alborz Mountain Range

Authors

  • Reza Kheyroddin School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
  • Sina Rahsaz School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran
  • Mohammad Abbaspour Kalmarzi School of Architecture and Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology, Iran

Keywords:

Sustainable ecotourism, mountainous region, historical railway, Alborz mountain range, Railway-tourism

Abstract

[EN] Ecological tourism or ecotourism (In abbreviation) is a form of tourism intended as a low impact on the environment and is based on the principles of sustainability in natural and historical areas with conservation characteristics. Railway tourism can be a form of ecological tourism that occurs in areas with presence of the railroad network. due to its novelty and proximity with natural and cultural heritage in the humid and rainy climate, This form of tourism can attract many tourists all around the world. The methodology of this study is descriptive and analytical, and initially, characteristics and requirements have been explained with resources and library studies The required infrastructures are the main bass of tourism, one of the most significant of which, is the current situation of the transportation system (railway network). The main aim of this study is the introduction of railway tourism as a strategy for development of railroad settlements in north of Iran with ecological and sustainable tourism. As the second aim, the most significant criteria of the railway-tourism were extracted from theoretical the foundation, in addition, their priority were specified by experts’ in AHP (Analytic hierarchy process) method. Moreover, in order to understand the restrictions and main problems of the local people, interviews have been conducted. In the following, Tehran – Mazandaran impassable mountainous railway has been introduced, that passes through the Alborz Mountains. This route has majority of unrivalled natural and cultural attractions, traditional habitation, and rural settlements. Despite recent spatial changes in Iran, these regions remained original and traditional. Interestingly, the railway is the only accessible transport to some of these settlements, without destructive effect on the environment. As the result, the substantial criteria were specified, and the basic issues and limitations of the locals’ life have been explained from survey and interviews. Consequently, a direct relationship has been detected between railway tourism and railroad habitation development in Tehran – Mazandaran railway that contains social, economic, physical and demographic studies. Eventually, it could be easily realized, which railway-tourism has the lowest ecological impacts despite other types of tourism in natural and rural areas. Therefore, every kind of effort from researchers to authorities in this field could be helpful in order to protect our environment.

[FR] Le tourisme écologique ou écotourisme (en abréviation) est une forme de tourisme conçue comme à faible impact sur l'environnement et basée sur les principes de durabilité dans les zones naturelles et historiques avec des caractéristiques de conservation. Le tourisme ferroviaire peut être une forme de tourisme écologique qui peut se produire dans des zones où le réseau ferroviaire est présent. En raison de sa nouveauté et de sa proximité avec le patrimoine naturel et culturel dans le climat humide et pluvieux, cette forme de tourisme peut attirer de nombreux touristes du monde entier. La méthodologie de cette étude est descriptive et analytique et d’abord les caractéristiques et les exigences ont été expliquées avec des ressources et des études de bibliothèque. Les infrastructures nécessaires sont la base principale du tourisme, dont l'une des plus importantes est la situation actuelle du système de transport (réseau ferroviaire). L'objectif principal de cette étude est l'introduction du tourisme ferroviaire en tant que stratégie de développement des foyers d’habitation ferroviaire dans le nord de l'Iran avec un tourisme écologique et durable. Comme deuxième objectif, les critères les plus significatifs du tourisme ferroviaire ont été extraits du fondement théorique, en outre, leur priorité a été spécifiée par des experts au travers de la méthode AHP (Analyse Hiérarchique des Procédés). De plus, afin de comprendre les restrictions et les principaux problèmes de la population locale, des entretiens ont été menés. Ensuite, le chemin de fer de montagne infranchissable Téhéran - Mazandaran, qui traverse les montagnes d'Alborza, a été introduit. Cette route a beaucoup d'attractions naturelles et culturelles inégalées, des habitations traditionnelles et des établissements ruraux. Malgré les récents changements spatiaux en Iran, ces régions sont restées originales et traditionnelles. Fait intéressant, le chemin de fer est le seul moyen de transport accessible à certains de ces foyers d’habitation, sans effet destructeur sur l'environnement. En conséquence, les critères substantiels ont été spécifiés et les problèmes fondamentaux et les limites de la vie locale ont été expliqués à partir d'enquêtes et d'entretiens. Une relation directe a été détectée entre le tourisme ferroviaire et le développement de l'habitat ferroviaire le long de la voie ferrée Téhéran - Mazandaran qui contient des études sociales, économiques, physiques et démographiques. Finalement, on pourrait facilement se rendre compte que le tourisme ferroviaire a les impacts écologiques les plus faibles malgré d'autres types de tourisme dans les zones naturelles et rurales. Par conséquent, tous les efforts des chercheurs jusqu'aux autorités dans ce domaine pourraient être utiles afin de protéger notre environnement.

DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.15551/lsgdc.v48i2.04

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2020-10-31

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